Motorcycle Crashes And Injuries Nearly Doubled Between 2000 And 2008

As Florida’s population continues to grow, so does the number of motorcycle enthusiasts on the road, which makes motorcycle safety an important issue. The number of motorcycle accidents, crashes, injuries, and fatalities in the United States has increased in recent years, and the State of Florida has shown the same trend. The charts below reflect some startling statistics.

Motorcycle Crashes In Florida From 2000 To 2011 (Table 1)

Year	Crashes	Injuries
2000	5,075	4,476
2001	5,766	5,101
2002	5,972	5,384
2003	6,635	5,973
2004	7,367	6,558
2005	8,147	7,282
2006	8,990	7,934
2007	9,205	8,186
2008	9,618	8,519
2009	8,313	7,484
2010	7,435	6,686
2011	8,542	7,256

From 2008 to 2011, the data reflects a 10.4% reduction in crashes and a 15.5% reduction in injuries. There is a 15.2% increase in crashes, and a 7.6% increase in injuries since 2010. The implementation of Florida’s Motorcycle Safety Coalition and the new rider training requirements that were put into place in July 2008 significantly contributed to the overall decrease.

Florida Motorcycle Fatalities From 2000 to 2011 (Table 2)

Year	Fatalities
2000	227
2001	252
2002	274
2003	339
2004	388
2005	441
2006	521
2007	517
2008	502
2009	376
2010	350
2011	209

In 2000, motorcycle fatalities accounted for about eight percent of all traffic fatalities in the State, but by 2008 the percentage had increased to 17.8 percent. By 2010, motorcycle fatalities dropped to 14.3% of all traffic fatalities. In 2011, motorcycle fatalities have returned to 2008 levels, accounting for 17.0% of all traffic fatalities.

Motorcyclists Injuries By Age and Gender (Tables 3)

Below are a number of factors that uniquely contribute to motorcycle crashes in Florida. The numbers is Table 3 correspond to 2011 motorcycle crash injuries by age and gender. They are estimated based on values from the FDOT Crash Analysis Reporting System (CARS), and may not match final reported figures. In 2011, more riders age 25-34 were fatally injured in motorcycle traffic crashes in Florida than any other age group, followed by riders age 45-54. The median age of fatally injured riders was 40 years old in 2011.

Age	Male	Female	Unknown	Total
< 21	594	45	1	640
21-24	877	62	8	947
25-34	1,373	99	8	1,480
35-44	1,113	98	4	1,215
45-54	1,295	188	8	1,491
55-64	974	86	3	1,063
65-74	406	10	1	417
75-84	51	11	0	55
85-89	5	0	0	5
90+	6	0	0	6
Unknown	36	2	14	52
Total	6,734	590	47	7,371

Fatalities in Florida by Age and Year (Table 4)

Table 4 shows Florida Motorcycle Traffic Fatalities in Florida by Age and Year, 2007 to 2011 (Note: This does not include motorcycle passenger fatality details).

Year	<21	21-24	25-34	35-44	45-54	55-64	65+
2007	41	82	127	120	110	57	21
2008	41	70	107	96	104	59	23
2009	22	47	71	65	86	62	23
2010	21	35	84	57	59	63	30
2011	29	42	91	68	83	61	31

Residence

• Florida is a popular tourist destination and host to a number of motorcycle enthusiast events.
• 91 percent of motorcyclists fatally injured in 2011 in Florida were also Florida residents.

Location

• Miami-Dade (39 fatalities), Broward (37), Hillsborough (34), Orange (32), Pinellas (23), Palm Beach (20), Polk (19), Pasco (18), Volusia (18) and Brevard (15) counties accounted for the largest number of motorcycle fatalities in 2011.
• Factors such as population and proximity to motorcycle rallies play a role in determining the number of motorcycle crashes and fatalities.

Registrations and Endorsements

• In 2011, there were 627,613 registered motorcycles.
• In 2011, registered motorcycles accounted for 3.6% of Florida’s motoring public.
• In 2011, 18.8% of all traffic fatalities are motorcyclists and their passengers.

Helmet Use

• In 2011, helmet use in Florida was observed at 49.3 percent.
• Since the repeal of the helmet law in 2000, the number of fatal crashes for every 10,000 registered motorcycles increased by 21 percent, suggesting motorcyclists without helmets are more likely to suffer serious and fatal injuries.
• 53 percent of motorcyclists were not wearing a safety helmet before a fatal crash during 2011.
• 29 percent of motorcyclist fatalities were related to traumatic brain injuries between 2007 and 2010.

Alcohol Involvement

• 27 percent of fatal motorcycle crashes in 2005 involved alcohol.
• 20 percent of fatal motorcycle crashes in 2006 involved alcohol.
• 41 percent of fatal motorcycle crashes in 2008 involved alcohol.
• 37 percent of fatal motorcycle crashes in 2009 involved alcohol.

According to the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration’s (NHTSA) National Center for Statistics and Analysis:

• In Florida in 2011, impaired motorcyclists with a BAC of .08+ accounted for 26% of motorcycle fatalities, while impaired motorcyclists with a BAC of .01+ accounted for 32% of motorcycle fatalities.
• Nationally, in fatal crashes in 2011 a higher percentage of motorcycle riders had blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of .08 grams per deciliter (g/dL) or higher than any other type of motor vehicle driver. The percentages for vehicle riders involved in fatal crashes were 29 percent for motorcycles, 24 percent for passenger cars, 21 percent for light trucks, and 1 percent for large trucks.
• In 2011, the percentage with BAC .08 g/dL or above was highest for fatally injured motorcycle riders among the 40-44 (38%) age group, followed by the 45–49 and 35–39 age groups at 37 percent, respectively.

Studies by the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, the states of Florida and Kentucky, and in Australia indicate the following:

• Having any alcohol in one’s body increases the chance of crashing by five times.
• Having a BAC greater than 0.05 percent increases the risk of crashing about 40-fold.
• One-fourth of all fatal alcohol-related motorcycle crashes involve motorcyclists running off the road, overturning, or falling from the motorcycle rather than striking another object.

Time of Year and Day of Week

• 28 percent of fatal motorcycle crashes in 2011 occurred during the months of March, April, and May.
• Approximately 37 percent of fatal crashes in 2011 occurred on weekends.

Vehicle Maneuver (Table 5)

Roadway Characteristic	2005	2006	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Straight – Level	338	370	388	361	198	244	291
Straight – Upgrade/Downgrade	41	41	37	38	13	34	22
Curve – Level	67	82	89	106	61	47	59
Curve – Upgrade/Downgrade	32	48	37	43	22	24	32
Grand Total	478	541	551	548	294	349	404
% Roadway Curves	14%	15%	16%	19%	21%	20%	23%

•  Approximately 32 percent of fatal crashes from 2005 to 2011 involved roadway curves.
• Passing or overtaking a vehicle accounted for 4 percent of fatalities in 2011, and changing lanes or merging accounted for 2 percent of fatalities in 2011.

Body Region and Nature of Injury

• Information from death certificates issued in 2010 show that 29 percent of motorcycle traffic fatalities were associated with a traumatic brain injury, 35 percent with injuries to multiple body regions, 30 percent with injuries to unspecified body regions, and 9 percent with injuries to the thorax.
• Unfortunately, death certificates provide limited information about the nature of injuries; therefore, nearly 100 percent of certificates cited at least one unspecified injury as an immediate or contributing cause of death.
• For nonfatal injuries among motorcycle riders that required hospitalization from 2007 to 2009, injuries to the lower extremities were responsible for the highest percentage of hospitalizations at 35 percent, followed by traumatic brain injuries and torso injuries each at 20 percent.
• The two most common types of principal injuries sustained in nonfatal motorcycle crashes requiring hospitalization were fractures (67 percent) and injuries to internal organs (23 percent).
• Upper extremity and lower extremity injuries account for over half of the injuries for motorcycle riders treated in emergency departments from 2007 and 2009.
• Superficial wounds and fractures together account for over half of injuries to motorcycle riders treated in emergency departments from 2007 and 2009.

Hospitalization Due To Motorcycle Crash (Table 6)

	2007	2008	2009	2010	2011
Fatalities	567	550	415	350	500
Nonfatal Hospitalizations	3,600	3,818	3,278	2,450	3,101
Emergency Department Visits	10,373	11,348	9,841	6,650	9,246

Motorcycle traffic crashes often result in fatal or serious injuries requiring inpatient or outpatient hospital care and treatment. Fatal injuries, though the most severe, account for only a small portion of the overall injury burden among motorcyclists. In fact, nearly seven times more nonfatal injury hospitalizations and over 20 times more emergency department visits occurred for nonfatal injuries during the three year period from 2007 to 2011.

• In 2011, the median hospital charge for motorcyclists admitted to a Florida hospital for the treatment of traffic crash injuries was $56,966.
• In 2011, the median hospital charge for motorcyclists treated and released from a Florida emergency department for the treatment of traffic crash injuries was $3,585.
• The total hospital charges for the initial treatment of motorcyclists injured in traffic crashes in 2011 was $411,783,763.
• In 2011, 49 percent of motorcyclist hospitalizations and emergency department visits were not covered by commercial insurance.

2009 Emergency Department Visits in Florida for Nonfatal Injuries Sustained in Motorcycle Traffic Crashes by Payer Source (Table 7)

Payer	Hospitalizations	Total Percent
Commercial Insurance	4,705	46 percent
Self Pay/Under Insured	3,087	30 percent
Medicaid	597	6 percent
Medicare	421	4 percent
Charity	371	4 percent
Other	450	4 percent
All Payers	9,631	95 percent

2009 Hospitalizations in Florida for Nonfatal Injuries Sustained in
Motorcycle Traffic Crashes by Payer Source (Table 8)

Payer	Hospitalizations	Total Percent
Commercial Insurance	1,923	53 percent
Self Pay/Under Insured	509	14 percent
Medicaid	257	7 percent
Charity	194	5 percent
Medicare	228	6 percent
Other	167	5 percent
All payers	3,278	91 percent