Yes, you can, but it really depends on the types of injuries that you suffered. For example, if you fell off your bike, and you suffered a road rash, say really badly on the side of your leg, or you broke your leg, then those types of injuries are really unrelated to the use of a helmet, so you could make a full recovery from those types of injuries.
If, however, you suffered a neck injury or head injury that may have been mitigated by the use of a helmet, and your failure to use a helmet maybe made things a little bit worse, then in Florida, we are a comparative negligent state, which means that your recovery could be reduced by the amount of your comparative negligence.
So if a judge or jury found that you were 50% at fault for your failure to wear a helmet, then your damages may be reduced by 50% in relation to your comparative negligence.