There are two different types of narcolepsy, both of which can result in disabling symptoms and limitations:
- Narcolepsy Type 1 (NT1): This type is also known as Narcolepsy with Cataplexy, as individuals with NT1 experience sudden muscle weakness or paralysis, called cataplexy. NT1 is caused by a lack of hypocretin, a chemical in the brain that helps regulate sleep and wakefulness. NT1 is also characterized by excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep paralysis, and hallucinations.
- Narcolepsy Type 2 (NT2): This type is also known as Narcolepsy without Cataplexy. Individuals with NT2 experience excessive daytime sleepiness, sleep paralysis, and hallucinations, but do not experience cataplexy. NT2 is also caused by a lack of hypocretin in the brain.
Excessive daytime sleepiness can make it difficult for individuals to stay awake during the day, affecting their ability to work, perform daily activities, and even drive. Sleep paralysis, which is the inability to move or speak when waking up or falling asleep, can also be distressing and impairing. Hallucinations can be frightening and disruptive to daily life.
Cataplexy, which is unique to NT1, can also be disabling. Cataplexy can cause sudden muscle weakness or paralysis, often triggered by strong emotions such as laughter or surprise. This can cause falls and accidents that can be dangerous, especially if they occur while driving or operating heavy machinery.
Both types of narcolepsy can result in a disabling impairment. The symptoms of narcolepsy can significantly affect an individual’s ability to work and perform daily activities. It is important for individuals with narcolepsy to work with their healthcare provider to manage their symptoms and consider seeking disability benefits if necessary.